Motivations and expectations of generation Z nursing students: A post-pandemic career choice qualitative analysis.

BACKGROUND: The global nursing shortage is a growing concern so recruiting and retaining Generation Z (Gen Z) students is vital to the sustainability of the profession. PURPOSE: To explore the perceptions and expectations of first-year nursing students regarding the nursing profession, its working conditions, and how these factors influenced their career choices. METHOD: Descriptive qualitative research design, employing an interpretive research approach and content analysis conducted following Graneheim & Lundman's method. Our study involved 105 Generation Z nursing degree students enrolled in first year at the Mar Nursing School in Barcelona, Spain in 2021. Data collection included voluntary written narratives about their career choice and questionnaires of demographic information and their healthcare experiences. RESULTS: It became evident that Generation Z students' perceptions and expectations of nursing don't align with the actual professional experience. This mismatch could lead to disillusionment and attrition among these students. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors (economic, aspirational, perception of nursing during the COVID-19, or gender) influence new students' career choice. These factors shape their expectations and often do not match actual working conditions in nursing. Educational institutions must prepare students by transferring cross-cutting competencies to effectively meet these challenges and avoid potential dropout from the profession.

Nursing Practice and Telehealth in School Health Services: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has propelled the adoption of telehealth in school settings, emphasising the pivotal role of nurses. This review explores the last decade's evidence on telehealth interventions in school nursing practice; Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we conducted a systematic search in PubMed, CINHAL, and Web of Science in March 2023. Out of 518 articles across 21 journals, 32 satisfied the review criteria. The selection process rigorously adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews; Results: The results were categorised into three main areas: (a) the purpose of telehealth and intervention strategies, (b) the role of nursing in school-based telehealth practice, and (c) perceived benefits and limitations of school-based telehealth studies. Telehealth interventions encompass health promotion, mental health management, and early diagnosis. School nurses play a multifaceted role, including management, education, and remote monitoring. While telehealth offers advantages like improved health and cost savings, challenges include digital literacy, device access, and costs; Conclusion: This review underscores the crucial role of telehealth in schools for enhancing healthcare delivery in educational settings. However, more empirical evidence is required to specify nurses' contributions to school-based telehealth interventions. Promoting their leadership through stakeholder collaboration is essential. Further research should address challenges and opportunities in school nursing practice, enriching healthcare in educational settings.

Physiotherapists' Ethical Climate and Work Satisfaction: A STROBE-Compliant Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between Spanish physical therapists' perceptions of the ethical climate, their moral sensitivity (awareness of ethical issues), and job satisfaction. (2) Methods: the study analyzed descriptive correlational data on 104 physical therapists from three Spanish metropolitan hospitals. Respondents completed a demographic data form, an ethical climate questionnaire, a job satisfaction survey, and a moral sensitivity scale. This study complies with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. (3) Results: With a mean score of 4.2, physical therapists are typically content with their jobs. The mean scores for the moral sensitivity and ethical climate questionnaires are high, at 40.1 (SD 6.3) and 96.8 (SD 17.1), respectively. There is a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and ethical climate (r between 0.59 and 0.79) but only a weak correlation between job satisfaction and moral sensibility (r between 0 and 0.32 for the three aspects measured). (4) Conclusions: Generally speaking, physical therapists reported that they had high job satisfaction, a positive workplace environment, and excellent management support. Despite a weak relationship with moral sensibility, there is a strong association between ethical behavior, hospital organization, and higher levels of job satisfaction. It is important to encourage the development of moral sensibilities to boost psychological well-being and therapeutic decision-making.

Moral Breakdowns and Ethical Dilemmas of Perioperative Nurses during COVID-19: COREQ-Compliant Study.

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the complexity of caregiving, resulting in challenging situations for perioperative nurses. These situations have prompted nurses to assess their personal and professional lives. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of perioperative nurses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on analyzing moral breakdowns and ethical dilemmas triggered by this situation. (2) Methods: A qualitative design guided by a hermeneutical approach was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 perioperative nurses. The interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. (3) Results: The findings revealed three main categories and ten subcategories. These categories included the context in which moral breakdowns emerged, the ethical dilemmas triggered by these breakdowns, and the consequences of facing these dilemmas. (4) Conclusions: During the first wave of COVID-19, perioperative nurses encountered moral and ethical challenges, referred to as moral breakdowns, in critical settings. These challenges presented significant obstacles and negatively impacted professional responsibility and well-being. Future studies should focus on identifying ethical dilemmas during critical periods and developing strategies to enhance collaboration among colleagues and provide comprehensive support.

Estudio Delphi de las competencias pedagógicas del profesional de Enfermería en la escuela / Delphi Study about the educational skills by the School Nursing Professional

Objetivo: definir al profesional de Enfermería promotor de salud en el entorno escolar (PEPSEE), así como su perfil competencial pedagógico: actitudes, habilidades y conocimientos necesarios para llevar a cabo una acción de calidad y efectiva en dicho entorno. Método: se planteó una investigación de tipo cualitativa, de corte interpretativo y diseño mixto. En la recogida de datos se combinó la revisión documental con el método Delphi como técnica basada en cuestionarios a expertos, cuyo desarrollo quedó establecido en tres rondas. Hubo diferentes momentos de análisis en función de la tipología de los cuestionarios que se aplicaron, combinándose el análisis de contenido con el análisis estadístico descriptivo. Por último, se efectuó un proceso de relación y comparación de los datos obtenidos, procediendo al redactado de los resultados. Resultados: se extrajeron 11 rasgos definitorios para el PEPSEE delimitados en tres categorías: rol educador, visión integral del educando y enfoque integrador de la acción, y 81 elementos competenciales delimitados en nueve categorías: conocimiento base para la enseñanza de salud en la escuela, competencia interpersonal y de trabajo en equipo, habilidades de mediación pedagógica de salud, comunicación educativa, actitud docente competente, valores profesionales inherentes a la dimensión ética, investigación pedagógica en promoción de salud, competencia digital e innovación pedagógica, coordinación y liderazgo educativo. Conclusiones: el profesional de Enfermería promotor de salud en el entorno escolar es un profesional con identidad propia que debe ser reconocido social y profesionalmente como garante de una formación en salud de calidad

Objective: to define the Nursing professional as promoter of health in the school setting (NPPHSS), as well as their profile of educational skills: attitudes, skills and knowledge required to conduct a quality action which is effective in said setting. Method: a qualitative research was conducted, with interpretive and mixed design. Data collection combined documentary review with the Delphi method as a technique based on questionnaires to experts, with its development established in three rounds. There were different moments of analysis based on the type of questionnaires applied: content analysis was combined with descriptive statistical analysis. Finally, there was a process of association and comparison of the data collected, and the results were then written down. Results: eleven (11) defining features were obtained for the NPPHSS, classified into three categories: educational role, comprehensive vision of the learner, and integrative approach to action; and 81 competence elements classified into nine categories: basic knowledge for health education at school, interpersonal and teamwork skills, educational communication, skills for pedagogical mediation in health, competent teaching attitude, professional values inherent to the ethics dimension, pedagogical research in health promotion, digital skills and pedagogical innovation, educational coordination and leadership). Conclusions: nursing professionals as health promoters in the school setting are professionals with their own identity, who must be social and professionally acknowledged as guarantors for good-quality health training

La promoción de salud en la escuela como estrategia para el abordaje de la cronicidad en España / Health promotion in schools as a strategy for addressing chronic disease in Spain / A promoção da saúde na escola como estratégia para controlar a cronicidade em Espanha / La promotion de la santé à l'école comme stratégie pour faire face á la chronicité en Espagne

Resumen Objetivo: Este artículo aborda los temas que sirvieron de referencia teórica de una disertación de tesis doctoral. Se pretende analizar las principales conductas y factores de patologías crónicas que avalan la necesidad del enfoque promocional de salud en la escuela y a lo del todo el curso de vida, así como su impacto en la mejora de la salud global de la población y la reducción del gasto público en España. Material y métodos: Se ha utilizado una perspectiva crítica desde la que se hace una revisión reflexiva sobre dichos factores en el contexto español, estudiando la necesidad de abordaje temprano. Los factores analizados han estado relacionados con la alimentación y actividad física, salud bucodental, consumo de sustancias tóxicas, seguridad vial, sexualidad y bienestar emocional. Resultados: Se observa un descenso de actividad física en la etapa escolar. Tres de cada diez niños/as tienen sobrepeso u obesidad. La prevalencia de afecciones bucodentales ronda el 40% a los 6 años. El cannabis es la tercera droga más consumidas por los escolares de 14-18 años, después del tabaco y el alcohol. Más de la mitad de los fallecimientos por accidente de tráfico entre los jóvenes (18-24 años) fue durante la noche y fin de semana. España se consolida como tercer país de la Unión Europea con mayor número de abortos. Las infecciones de transmisión sexual afectan de forma desproporcionada a las adolescentes. Los trastornos de salud mental están entre los cuatro problemas más prevalentes de los niños/as menores de 15 años Conclusiones: Se concluye que las acciones educativas realizadas en la escuela desde las edades más tempranas sobre los factores y conductas pueden reducir considerablemente los costes individuales, económicos y sociales que acarrean las enfermedades crónicas, convirtiéndose en una necesidad estratégica para el abordaje de la cronicidad, que es uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrenta el sistema sanitario español.

Abstract Object: This article focuses on the topics that served as theoretical reference of a doctoral dissertation. The aim is to analyze the main behaviors and factors of chronic pathologies that support the need of the promotional approach of health in the school and the whole life course, as well as its impact in the improvement of the global health of the population and the reduction of the public spending in Spain. Materials and methods: A critical perspective has been used from which a reflexive review of these factors in the Spanish context has been carried out, studying the need of an early approach. Factors related to diet and physical activity, oral health, toxic substance use, road safety, sexuality and emotional well-being have been analyzed. Results: There was a decrease in physical activity in the school stage. Three out of ten children are overweight or obese. The prevalence of oral diseases is around 40% at 6 years. Cannabis is the third most consumed drug by schoolchildren aged 14-18, after tobacco and alcohol. More than half of the deaths due to traffic accidents among young people (18-24 years old) occurred during the night and weekend. Spain is consolidated as the third country in the European Union with the highest number of abortions. Sexually transmitted infections disproportionately affect teenagers. Mental health disorders are among the four most prevalent problems of children under 15 years of age. Conclusions: It is concluded that educational actions carried out in schools from the earliest ages on behavioral risk factors can considerably reduce the individual, economic and social costs of chronic diseases, becoming a strategic necessity for dealing with chronic diseases, which is one of the greatest challenges facing the Spanish health system.

Resumo Objetivo: Este artigo aborda os temas que foram usados como referência teórica numa tese de doutoramento. Pretendeu-se analisar os principais comportamentos e fatores relacionados com as patologias crónicas que suportam a necessidade de uma abordagem de promoção de saúde na escola e em todo o ciclo de vida, bem como o seu impacto na melhoria da saúde global da população e na redução das despesas públicas em Espanha. Materiais e métodos: Utilizou-se uma perspectiva crítica a partir de uma revisão reflexiva sobre esses fatores no contexto espanhol, estudando a necessidade de intervenção precoce. Os fatores analisados foram relacionados com a alimentação, a atividade física, a saúde bucal, o consumo de substâncias tóxicas, a segurança rodoviária, a sexualidade e o bem-estar emocional Resultados: Observou-se uma diminuição da atividade física em crianças de idade escolar. Três em cada dez crianças sofrem excesso de peso ou obesidade. A prevalencia de doenjas bucais é de cerca de 40% aos 6 anos. A Cannabis é a terceira droga mais consumida por alunos dos 14 a 18 anos, depois do consumo de tabaco e álcool. Mais da metade das mortes por acidentes rodoviários dos jovens entre os 18 e 24 anos ocorreram durante a noite e no fim-de-semana. A Espanha é o terceiro país da Uniao Europeia com mais número de abortos. As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis afetam desproporcionalmente as adolescentes. Os transtornos mentais estao entre os quatro problemas mais prevalentes em crianças menores de 15 anos de idade. Conclusões: Conclui-se que as ações educativas realizadas na escola, em idades precoces, sobre os fatores de risco comportamentais, podem reduzir consideravelmente os custos individuais, económicos e sociais que as doenjas crónicas acarretam, transformando-se numa necessidade estratégica para a abordagem da cronicidade, que é um dos maiores desafios que o sistema de saúde espanhol enfrenta.

Résumé Objectif: Cet article se centre sur les sujets qui ont servi de référence théorique pour une thése de doctorat. L'objectif est d'analyser les principaux comportements et facteurs de pathologies chroniques qui supportent le besoin de l'approche promotionnelle de la santé á l'école et tout au long de la vie, ainsi que son impact sur l'amélioration de la santé globale de la population et la réduction du dépenses publiques en Espagne. Matériaux et méthodes: Une perspective critique a été utilisée á partir de laquelle une revue réflexive est faite sur ces facteurs dans le contexte espagnol, en étudiant la nécessité d'une approche précoce. Les facteurs analysés ont été liés á l'alimentation et á l'activité physique, á la santé bucco-dentaire, á la consommation de substances toxiques, á la sécurité routiére, á la sexualité et au bien-etre émotionnel. Résultats: Il y a une diminution de l'activité physique au stade scolaire. Trois enfants sur dix sont en surpoids ou obéses. La prévalence des maladies buccales est d'environ 40% á 6 ans. Le cannabis est la troisiéme drogue la plus consommé par les écoliers agés de 14 á 18 ans, aprés le tabac et l'alcool. Plus de la moitié des décés dus aux accidents de la circulation chez les jeunes (18-24 ans) ont eu lieu pendant la nuit et le week-end. L'Espagne est consolidée comme le troisiéme pays de l'Union européenne avec le plus grand nombre d'avortements. Les infections sexuellement transmissibles touchent de maniére disproportionnée les adolescentes. Les troubles de santé mentale sont parmi les quatre problémes les plus courantes chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans. Conclusion: Les actions éducatives menées á l'école dés le plus jeune age sur les facteurs et les comportements peuvent réduire considérablement les coúts individuels, économiques et sociaux qu'apportent les maladies chroniques, devenant une nécessité stratégique pour l'approche de la chronicité, qui est l'un des plus grands défis du systéme de santé espagnol.

Modelo PRECEDE para fomentar la adherencia al tratamiento con anticoagulantes orales en Atención Primaria. Ejemplo de intervención enfermera / Using PRECEDE model to encourage adherence to treatment with oral anticoagulants in primary care: example of a nursing intervention

La adherencia al tratamiento es un problema grave que repercute especialmente en el tratamiento y control de enfermedades crónicas. Es necesario generar intervenciones que puedan paliarlo. El modelo PRECEDE (Lawrence W. Green) de Educación para la Salud permite la intervención personalizada a partir de la exploración de la conducta como clave para la adquisición de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes básicas para el cambio y, por consiguiente, para el control de la enfermedad. En el caso de pautas con anticoagulantes orales (ACO), este modelo puede constituir una herramienta excelente de intervención educativa en salud para la enfermera en Atención Primaria, ya que permite ir desgranando los factores detectados que obstaculizan la realización de la conducta e intervenir conjugando todos ellos (AU)

Adherence to treatment is a serious problem that particularly affects treatment and control of chronic diseases. Interventions aiming at tackling the problem are necessary. The PRECEDE model (Lawrence W. Green) of health education allows for personalized interventions by exploring behavior as a key element to acquire knowledge, skills and basic attitudes for change. The desired consequence and aim is to achieve disease control. As a part of oral anticoagulant therapy guidelines, PRECEDE can be an excellent educational intervention tool for nursing professionals in primary care, allowing them to determine factors hindering behavioral lack of adherence to treatment to develop appropriate intervention (AU)

El cribaje de arteriopatía periférica en Atención Primaria mediante doppler / Doppler screening of peripheral arteriopathy in Primary Care

La arteriopatía periférica es causa de numerosas complicaciones responsables de una morbi-mortalidad elevada. El cribaje de esta enfermedad mediante técnica doppler está siendo realizado por enfermeras en centros de Atención Primaria.Objetivos: conocer la relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el resultado de la prueba de cribaje de arteriopatía periférica realizada con doppler e identificar la relevancia de la prueba.Método: estudio observacional descriptivo. Sujetos del estudio (n = 119): pacientes con diabetes mellitus II remitidos al programa de cribaje de arteriopatía periférica, mediante doppler, del Centro de Atención Primaria Florida Sur durante el año 2007, seleccionados por muestreo de conveniencia.Resultados: no se observan asociaciones estadísticamentesignificativas entre el resultado obtenido con doppler y los diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular que presentan los sujetos. Sólo se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas con la varia-ble “revisión de pulsos previa”. No se registró ninguna actuación tras obtener un resultado patológicoen el 66,67% de la muestra.Conclusión: aunque no hay asociación entre el resultado positivo del ITB y la presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la técnica de cribaje con doppler es útil para la detección de arteriopatía periférica. Hay que mejorar la relevancia de su utilización en lo referente a las actuaciones posteriores al resultado positivo, especialmente, la educación sanitaria

Peripheral arteriopathy causes numerous complicationsthat lead to a high morbidity and mortality. Doppler screening of this disease is performed by nurses in Primary Care centres.Objectives: to learn about the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the peripheral arteriopathy screening test results performed with doppler and identify the relevance of this test.Method: descriptive observational study. Study subjects(n=119): patients with diabetes mellitus II, selected by convenience sampling referred to the peripheral arteriopathy doppler screening program in the Florida Sur Primary Care Centre during 2007.Results: no statistically significant associations were found between the results obtained by doppler and the subjects’ different cardiovascular risk factors. There were only statistically significant differences in the variable “previous pulse examination”. No measures were taken after obtaining a pathological result in 66,67% of the sample.Conclusion: even though there is no association betweenthe positive result of AAI and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, the Doppler screening technique is useful for the detection of peripheral arteriopathy. The relevance of its use must be improved in regards to subsequent measures to be taken based on positive results, especially in healthcare education (AU)

Salud sexual en los varones jóvenes: Programa de Atención al Hombre / Sexual health in young men: Men's Health Program

Fundamento. ¿Está el joven varón diferenciado y reconocido en aspectos de salud sexual con respecto a las mujeres jóvenes? La respuesta a ello, probablemente la esté revelando un actual medio de comunicación: Internet. Un gran número de jóvenes del sexo masculino utilizan este medio para contactar con profesionales sanitarios en páginas de consulta e intentar así resolver sus dudas genitourinarias y sexuales. Este hecho lleva a reflexionar sobre la existencia del Programa de Atención a la Mujer (PAD) en Cataluña, en contraposición con la carencia de un Programa de Atención al Hombre (PAH).Método. Diseño observacional analítico transversal. Sujetos del estudio (n = 300): jóvenes de sexo masculino y femenino, con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 24 años, seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico accidental. La recogida de datos se efectuó mediante un cuestionario creado ad hoc. Las pruebas estadísticas han sido el análisis descriptivo de 26 variables y las pruebas paramétricas de la 2.Resultados. Se destaca que las mujeres tienen una figura clara a la que acudir para resolver sus problemas de salud sexual dentro del sistema sanitario, mientras que los varones optan por otros recursos, entre ellos Internet, que es de los más utilizados. Otro de los resultados es que un PAH, apoyado por el ámbito de la atención primaria, con toda probabilidad sería utilizado por los varones. Conclusiones. En función de estos resultados, y teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de los problemas que afectan a la salud génito-sexual de los varones están relacionados con sus comportamientos y estilos de vida, las enfermeras tienen un papel principal al respecto, tanto en los programas de promoción y prevención como en los tratamientos. Por ello, desde la atención primaria se debería hacer participar a los varones en programas de salud sexual para ellos, ya que ignorar a los varones jóvenes es olvidar a un importante grupo de población, con el posible riesgo público que conlleva (AU)